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Velocity Formula:
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Velocity calculation in pipe determines the speed at which fluid flows through a circular pipe. It's a fundamental concept in fluid dynamics and hydraulic engineering, essential for designing and analyzing piping systems.
The calculator uses the velocity formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates velocity by dividing the volumetric flow rate by the cross-sectional area of the pipe (π × r²).
Details: Pipe velocity calculations are crucial for determining pressure drops, ensuring adequate flow rates, preventing erosion, optimizing pump sizing, and maintaining efficient fluid transport in various engineering applications.
Tips: Enter flow rate in cubic meters per second and pipe radius in meters. Both values must be positive numbers. The calculator will compute the velocity in meters per second.
Q1: What is the typical velocity range for water in pipes?
A: For water systems, typical velocities range from 0.5-3 m/s, with 1-2 m/s being common for optimal efficiency and minimal erosion.
Q2: How does pipe diameter affect velocity?
A: For a constant flow rate, velocity increases as pipe diameter decreases, and decreases as pipe diameter increases (inverse square relationship).
Q3: When is high velocity problematic in pipes?
A: High velocities can cause erosion, noise, vibration, and excessive pressure drops. Very low velocities may lead to sedimentation.
Q4: Can this formula be used for gases?
A: Yes, the formula works for both liquids and gases, but gas calculations may require additional considerations for compressibility.
Q5: What if I have diameter instead of radius?
A: Simply divide the diameter by 2 to get the radius, or use the formula V = Q / (π × (d/2)²) = 4Q / (π × d²).