1. What is Pipe Velocity?

Pipe velocity is the speed at which fluid flows through a pipe, measured in feet per second (ft/s). It's a critical parameter in fluid dynamics that affects pressure drop, energy consumption, and system efficiency.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pipe velocity formula:

Where:

• \( V \) — Pipe velocity (ft/s)
• \( Q \) — Flow rate (gallons per minute)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (square feet)

Explanation: The formula converts flow rate from gallons per minute to cubic feet per second and divides by the cross-sectional area to determine velocity.

3. Importance of Pipe Velocity Calculation

Details: Proper pipe velocity ensures efficient fluid transport, prevents erosion, minimizes pressure drop, and maintains optimal system performance. Excessive velocity can cause noise, vibration, and pipe wear.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter flow rate in GPM and cross-sectional area in square feet. For circular pipes, area = π × (diameter/2)². All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the recommended pipe velocity range?
A: Typically 2-8 ft/s for water systems. Lower velocities for gravity flow, higher for pumped systems with consideration for erosion.

Q2: How do I calculate cross-sectional area for circular pipes?
A: Area = π × (diameter/2)². Convert diameter from inches to feet by dividing by 12 first.

Q3: Why is velocity important in pipe sizing?
A: Proper velocity ensures adequate flow while minimizing energy losses, noise, and material erosion.

Q4: What happens if velocity is too high?
A: High velocity increases friction loss, causes erosion, water hammer, noise, and requires more pumping energy.

Q5: Can this calculator be used for other fluids?
A: Yes, but ensure flow rate units are consistent. The formula works for any fluid when proper units are maintained.