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Flow Rate Equation:
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The GPM (Gallons Per Minute) flow rate equation calculates the volumetric flow rate of a fluid through a pipe or conduit. The formula Q = A × V × 448.8 converts area and velocity measurements into gallons per minute.
The calculator uses the flow rate equation:
Where:
Explanation: The equation multiplies the cross-sectional area by the fluid velocity and converts the result from cubic feet per second to gallons per minute using the conversion factor 448.8.
Details: Flow rate calculation is essential for hydraulic system design, pump selection, pipe sizing, irrigation system planning, and industrial process control. Accurate flow rate measurements ensure efficient system operation and proper fluid handling.
Tips: Enter the cross-sectional area in square feet and velocity in feet per second. Both values must be positive numbers. The calculator will automatically compute the flow rate in gallons per minute.
Q1: What is the conversion factor 448.8?
A: 448.8 is the conversion factor from cubic feet per second to gallons per minute (1 ft³/s = 448.8 GPM).
Q2: How do I measure cross-sectional area?
A: For circular pipes, area = π × (diameter/2)². For rectangular ducts, area = width × height.
Q3: What are typical flow rate ranges?
A: Residential water systems: 5-15 GPM; industrial applications: 50-500+ GPM; large municipal systems: 1000+ GPM.
Q4: Does fluid viscosity affect the calculation?
A: The basic equation assumes incompressible Newtonian fluids. For viscous fluids, additional factors may need consideration.
Q5: Can this calculator be used for gases?
A: This equation is primarily for liquids. Gas flow calculations require additional factors like compressibility and pressure differentials.