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Orifice Flow Equation:
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The orifice flow equation calculates the flow rate of a fluid through an orifice based on pressure difference and fluid properties. It's commonly used in fluid mechanics, hydraulics, and piping systems to determine gallons per minute from PSI measurements.
The calculator uses the orifice flow equation:
Where:
Explanation: The equation shows that flow rate is proportional to the square root of the pressure-to-specific-gravity ratio, scaled by the discharge coefficient.
Details: Accurate flow rate calculation is essential for designing piping systems, sizing pumps, optimizing hydraulic performance, and ensuring proper system operation in various engineering applications.
Tips: Enter discharge coefficient (typically 0.6-0.8 for sharp-edged orifices), pressure in PSI, and specific gravity (1.0 for water). All values must be positive numbers.
Q1: What is the discharge coefficient?
A: The discharge coefficient accounts for energy losses and flow contraction through the orifice. It typically ranges from 0.6 to 0.8 for sharp-edged orifices.
Q2: What is specific gravity?
A: Specific gravity is the ratio of a fluid's density to the density of water. Water has SG=1.0, while other fluids have values different from 1.0.
Q3: When is this equation applicable?
A: This equation is valid for incompressible fluids flowing through small orifices where the flow is turbulent and the orifice diameter is small compared to the pipe diameter.
Q4: What are typical flow rates for water systems?
A: Residential water systems typically flow 5-15 GPM, while industrial systems can range from 20-100+ GPM depending on application.
Q5: Are there limitations to this equation?
A: This simplified equation assumes ideal conditions. For precise calculations, factors like viscosity, temperature, and orifice geometry may need consideration.