1. What is Flow Velocity Conversion?

The GPM to ft/s conversion calculates the velocity of fluid flow in a pipe by converting gallons per minute (GPM) to feet per second (ft/s) based on pipe diameter. This is essential for hydraulic engineering and fluid dynamics applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the flow velocity formula:

Where:

• \( v \) — Velocity in feet per second (ft/s)
• \( GPM \) — Flow rate in gallons per minute
• \( d \) — Pipe diameter in inches
• \( 0.408 \) — Conversion constant

Explanation: The formula converts volumetric flow rate to linear velocity by considering the cross-sectional area of the pipe.

3. Importance of Flow Velocity Calculation

Details: Flow velocity calculation is crucial for pipe sizing, pressure drop calculations, erosion prevention, and ensuring efficient fluid transport in plumbing, irrigation, and industrial systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter flow rate in GPM and pipe diameter in inches. Both values must be positive numbers. The calculator will output velocity in feet per second.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the typical flow velocity range for water pipes?
A: Typically 2-8 ft/s for water supply systems. Lower velocities reduce friction loss, while higher velocities may cause erosion and noise.

Q2: Why is the constant 0.408 used?
A: This constant accounts for unit conversions from gallons to cubic feet and minutes to seconds: 1 gallon = 0.133681 ft³, 1 minute = 60 seconds.

Q3: Can this formula be used for any fluid?
A: The formula works for water and other fluids with similar density. For significantly different densities, additional factors may be needed.

Q4: What pipe diameter should I use for accurate results?
A: Use the internal diameter of the pipe for most accurate calculations, as this determines the actual flow area.

Q5: How does velocity affect pipe pressure?
A: Higher velocities increase friction losses and pressure drop. The relationship follows the Darcy-Weisbach equation.